KEY ESCROW

Key escrow is a security measure that involves storing cryptographic keys with a trusted third party, or escrow agent, so that under certain conditions, access to encrypted data can be provided if needed. This concept is often used in scenarios where data recovery is critical, such as in enterprise environments or law enforcement contexts.

Components of Escrow Security 

1. Cryptographic Keys: These are the keys used to encrypt and decrypt data. In key escrow, a copy of these keys is held in escrow.
2. Escrow Agent: The trusted third party responsible for holding and managing the cryptographic keys.
3. Conditions for Access: Clearly defined criteria or procedures under which the escrowed keys can be accessed.

Key Management Lifecycle

1. Key Generation – All keys should be generated using a certified random number generator. Typically, this will be completed using a Hardware Security Module. This ensures that the key exists in one of the three acceptable formats.

2. Key Distribution – Once a key is generated inside a Hardware Security Module, it may need to be distributed to various end points for usage. If a key must be distributed, it should only be distributed in parts, or as encrypted by another key of equal or greater strength.

3. Key Storage – If a key is to be stored outside of a Hardware Security Module, it should be stored in parts or as encrypted by another key of equal or greater strength. 

Benefits

1. Data Recovery: Ensures that data can be decrypted even if the primary key is lost or corrupted.
2. Compliance: Meets regulatory or legal requirements for data access and retention.
3. Security Management: Provides a mechanism for managing keys in large organizations where individual key management might be cumbersome.