COMPUTER NETWORK NOTES, IOE, TU, BCA, BSCCSIT

CLIENT SERVER AND PEER TO PEER NETWORK 

Client-Server Network:

Description:

A client-server network architecture is a model where tasks and functions are divided between the "client" (end-user device) and the "server" (a centralized system or service). The client initiates requests, and the server fulfills them. This architecture is prevalent in various computing environments.

Key Characteristics:

• Roles:
  • Client: The user's device (computer, smartphone, etc.) that requests services or resources.
  • Server: A powerful computer or system that provides services or resources to clients.
• Communication:
  • Clients send requests for data, services, or resources to the server.
  • Servers process the requests and send back the required information.
• Centralization:
  • Services, resources, and data are centralized on the server, providing a single point of control.
• Examples:
  • Web servers: Clients (web browsers) request web pages from servers.
  • File servers: Clients request files or data storage from a central server.
  • Database servers: Clients query and update data stored on a database server.
• Advantages:
  • Centralized management and control.
  • Efficient resource utilization.
  • Enhanced security and access control.
• Disadvantages:
  • Dependency on the server; if it fails, clients may lose access to resources.
  • Potential scalability challenges as the number of clients increases.

Peer-to-Peer Network:

Description:

A peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture allows devices (peers) to communicate directly with each other without relying on a central server. In P2P networks, each device has equal status and can act as both a client and a server.

Key Characteristics:

• Roles:
  • Peers: Devices that communicate with each other on an equal footing, sharing resources without a central server.
• Communication:
  • Peers can initiate requests and respond to requests from other peers.
  • Resources, such as files or processing power, are shared directly between peers.
• Decentralization:
  • No central server is required; each peer can communicate independently with others.
• Examples:
  • File sharing networks: Peers share files directly with each other (e.g., BitTorrent).
  • Distributed computing: Peers contribute processing power to solve complex problems (e.g., SETI@home).
• Advantages:
  • No single point of failure; the network remains operational even if some peers are offline.
  • Scalability as the network grows; new peers can easily join.
• Disadvantages:
  • Lack of central control can lead to challenges in managing resources and security.
  • Potential for uneven resource distribution among peers.

Comparison: