MCQ - E GOVERNANCE (BCA)
SOLVED MCQ- E GOVERNANCE
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Q1. What does E-Governance primarily involve?
a) Use of ICT in government processes
b) Privatization of public services
c) Reduction of democracy
d) Only e-mail communication
Answer: a) Use of ICT in government processes
Q2. The ultimate goal of E-Governance is:
a) To reduce ICT use in government
b) To improve service delivery, transparency, and accountability
c) To increase paperwork
d) To eliminate ICT infrastructure
Answer: b) To improve service delivery, transparency, and accountability
Q3. Which of the following is NOT a pillar of E-Governance?
a) Connectivity
b) Content
c) Capital punishment
d) Capacity
Answer: c) Capital punishment
Q4. E-Governance helps in:
a) Enhancing citizen participation
b) Saving time and cost
c) Reducing corruption
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Q5. Transparency in E-Governance means:
a) Citizens can directly monitor government activities
b) Government hides its data
c) Technology replaces politicians
d) Only computers handle governance
Answer: a) Citizens can directly monitor government activities
Q6. Which of the following is a direct benefit of E-Governance?
a) Increased bureaucracy
b) Faster service delivery
c) More corruption
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Faster service delivery
Q7. Which is a technical issue in E-Governance?
a) Lack of ICT infrastructure
b) Digital illiteracy
c) Resistance to change
d) Policy gap
Answer: a) Lack of ICT infrastructure
Q8. Which is a social issue in E-Governance?
a) Low digital literacy among citizens
b) High internet speed
c) Centralized ICT policy
d) Availability of broadband
Answer: a) Low digital literacy among citizens
Q9. Digital divide mostly affects:
a) Equality of access to government services
b) Political representation in parliament
c) Paper usage in offices
d) Language development
Answer: a) Equality of access to government services
Q10. A cyber security threat in E-Governance includes:
a) Data theft and hacking
b) More efficient services
c) Transparent governance
d) Improved participation
Answer: a) Data theft and hacking
Q11. The earliest stage of E-Governance is known as:
a) Transformation stage
b) Interaction stage
c) Computerization stage
d) Transaction stage
Answer: c) Computerization stage
Q12. Which is the final stage in E-Governance maturity models?
a) Computerization
b) Online presence
c) Transformation (integration across departments)
d) Interaction
Answer: c) Transformation (integration across departments)
Q13. Scope of E-Governance includes:
a) G2C (Government to Citizen)
b) G2B (Government to Business)
c) G2G (Government to Government)
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Q14. G2E stands for:
a) Government to Environment
b) Government to Employee
c) Government to Economy
d) Government to Executive
Answer: b) Government to Employee
Q15. The UN publishes which report related to E-Governance?
a) UN ICT Progress Report
b) UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI)
c) UN Transparency Report
d) UN World Economy Report
Answer: b) UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI)
Q16. As per recent trends, which country often ranks top in EGDI?
a) Denmark
b) Nepal
c) India
d) Bhutan
Answer: a) Denmark
Q17. A major global trend in E-Governance is:
a) AI-based public service delivery
b) Paper-only government services
c) Elimination of internet in rural areas
d) Manual record keeping
Answer: a) AI-based public service delivery
Q18. Mobile governance (m-Governance) refers to:
a) Governance through mobile devices and apps
b) Governance only in vehicles
c) Governance only for telecom companies
d) Governance through landlines
Answer: a) Governance through mobile devices and apps
Q19. Which of the following is NOT an application of E-Governance?
a) e-Procurement
b) Online tax filing
c) Online voting systems
d) Manual record-keeping
Answer: d) Manual record-keeping
Q20. Bhoomi project in India is related to:
a) E-learning
b) E-health
c) Digital land records
d) E-banking
Answer: c) Digital land records
Q21. Which of the following is an example of G2B?
a) Online company registration
b) Nagarik App
c) Driving license system
d) e-Learning platforms
Answer: a) Online company registration
Q22. Which sector benefits most from E-Governance applications?
a) Only private sector
b) Citizens, businesses, and government employees
c) Only government officials
d) Only IT companies
Answer: b) Citizens, businesses, and government employees
Q23. Which is a flagship mobile app launched by the Nepal Government for public service?
a) Nagarik App
b) Facebook
c) Viber
d) WhatsApp
Answer: a) Nagarik App
Q24. Which E-Governance initiative in Nepal allows online payment of utility bills?
a) Nagarik App
b) e-Sewa
c) Bhoomi Project
d) MeroShare
Answer: b) e-Sewa
Q25. MeroShare in Nepal is used for:
a) Land record management
b) Vehicle registration
c) Stock market (IPO application, share management)
d) Passport renewal
Answer: c) Stock market (IPO application, share management)
Q26. Online Driving License Application System in Nepal is an example of:
a) G2C
b) G2B
c) G2E
d) G2G
Answer: a) G2C
CHAPTER 2 : MODELS OF E GOVERNANCE
- Which of the following is NOT a model of Digital Governance?
a) Broadcasting/Wider Dissemination Model
b) Critical Flow Model
c) Comparative Analysis Model
d) Transaction Cost Model
Answer: d) Transaction Cost Model
- The Broadcasting/Wider Dissemination Model of Digital Governance mainly focuses on:
a) Disseminating information to a large audience
b) Encouraging citizen-government interaction
c) Creating lobbying groups
d) Comparative studies of government policies
Answer: a) Disseminating information to a large audience
- Which model of Digital Governance highlights “important and sensitive information” to bring awareness?
a) Critical Flow Model
b) Mobilization and Lobbying Model
c) Interactive Service Model
d) Comparative Analysis Model
Answer: a) Critical Flow Model
- The Comparative Analysis Model in Digital Governance is used for:
a) Promoting mass mobilization
b) Comparing national and international best practices
c) Direct service delivery
d) Social media campaigns
Answer: b) Comparing national and international best practices
- The Mobilization and Lobbying Model primarily focuses on:
a) Engaging citizens in advocacy and influencing policies
b) Comparing international laws
c) Providing G2C services
d) Sharing confidential reports
Answer: a) Engaging citizens in advocacy and influencing policies
- In which Digital Governance model do citizens act as both receivers and providers of information to the government?
a) Comparative Analysis Model
b) Interactive Service Model (G2C2G)
c) Critical Flow Model
d) Broadcasting Model
Answer: b) Interactive Service Model (G2C2G)
Evolution in E-Governance and Maturity Models
- The E-Governance Maturity Model describes the:
a) Technological changes in hardware
b) Progressive levels of government service delivery
c) Evolution of election systems
d) Comparative models of governance
Answer: b) Progressive levels of government service delivery
- How many maturity levels are generally recognized in the E-Governance Maturity Model?
a) Three
b) Four
c) Five
d) Six
Answer: c) Five
- Which of the following is the first stage of E-Governance maturity?
a) Interaction
b) Transformation
c) Information
d) Transaction
Answer: c) Information
- At which maturity level can citizens perform online transactions such as payments or applications?
a) Information
b) Interaction
c) Transaction
d) Transformation
Answer: c) Transaction
- The highest level of E-Governance maturity is:
a) Integration/Transformation
b) Information
c) Interaction
d) Transaction
Answer: a) Integration/Transformation
- Which maturity level focuses on providing static information such as rules, regulations, and contact details?
a) Information
b) Interaction
c) Transaction
d) Integration
Answer: a) Information
Characteristics of Maturity Levels
- Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Interaction level?
a) Websites only provide downloadable forms
b) Citizens can communicate with the government via email, forms, or feedback
c) Citizens can pay taxes online
d) Government departments are fully integrated
Answer: b) Citizens can communicate with the government via email, forms, or feedback
- The Transformation/Integration level of maturity is characterized by:
a) Standalone websites without interaction
b) Interconnected systems offering seamless, citizen-centric services
c) Only broadcasting government information
d) Limited user feedback
Answer: b) Interconnected systems offering seamless, citizen-centric services
- Which level represents the shift from one-way communication to two-way interaction?
a) Information
b) Interaction
c) Transaction
d) Integration
Answer: b) Interaction
- Which of the following is NOT a key focus area of E-Governance?
a) Efficiency and Transparency
b) Service Delivery
c) Citizen Participation
d) Political Campaign Management
Answer: d) Political Campaign Management
- The main goal of E-Governance is:
a) To replace government employees with technology
b) To promote transparency, efficiency, and accountability
c) To reduce citizen participation
d) To privatize public services
Answer: b) To promote transparency, efficiency, and accountability
Towards Good Governance
- Good Governance through E-Governance ensures:
a) Monopoly of government information
b) Transparency, participation, and accountability
c) Less citizen engagement
d) Only faster transactions
Answer: b) Transparency, participation, and accountability
- Which principle of Good Governance is directly supported by E-Governance initiatives?
a) Corruption and secrecy
b) Transparency and rule of law
c) Centralization of power
d) Isolation of citizens
Answer: b) Transparency and rule of law
- The link between E-Governance and Good Governance can be summarized as:
a) E-Governance is only about ICT tools
b) E-Governance enhances governance by improving service delivery and citizen trust
c) Good Governance depends on privatization, not E-Governance
d) E-Governance discourages accountability
Answer: b) E-Governance enhances governance by improving service delivery and citizen trust
CHAPTER 3: E READINESS
- E-Readiness means:
a) Country’s level of internet speed
b) Preparedness of a nation to use ICT for development and governance
c) Number of websites a government has
d) Government policies for privatization
Answer: b) Preparedness of a nation to use ICT for development and governance
- Data system infrastructure in E-Readiness ensures:
a) Laws against cybercrime
b) Storage, databases, and information-sharing capacity
c) Skilled manpower training
d) ICT hardware and software
Answer: b) Storage, databases, and information-sharing capacity
- The component of E-Readiness that ensures cyber laws and digital signatures is:
a) Human preparedness
b) Institutional preparedness
c) Legal preparedness
d) Technological preparedness
Answer: c) Legal preparedness
- Legal infrastructural preparedness is crucial for:
a) Data collection and storage
b) Building trust through laws on privacy and security
c) Increasing bandwidth
d) Training IT manpower
Answer: b) Building trust through laws on privacy and security
- Institutional infrastructural preparedness refers to:
a) Frameworks, policies, and organizations for E-Governance
b) Hiring IT professionals
c) Storage systems
d) Cybersecurity laws only
Answer: a) Frameworks, policies, and organizations for E-Governance
- A government setting up an ICT agency to coordinate E-Governance projects is an example of:
a) Technological preparedness
b) Human preparedness
c) Institutional preparedness
d) Data system preparedness
Answer: c) Institutional preparedness
- Human infrastructural preparedness is mainly concerned with:
a) Internet bandwidth
b) Skilled manpower, ICT literacy, and training
c) Digital signature laws
d) Database management
Answer: b) Skilled manpower, ICT literacy, and training
- Which of the following is NOT part of human infrastructural preparedness?
a) Skilled IT workforce
b) Digital awareness among citizens
c) High-speed optical fiber networks
d) Training for government employees
Answer: c) High-speed optical fiber networks
- Technological infrastructural preparedness includes:
a) Data privacy laws
b) ICT hardware, software, and communication networks
c) Training and capacity building
d) Legal framework for e-commerce
Answer: b) ICT hardware, software, and communication networks
- A country investing in broadband, servers, and ICT infrastructure is focusing on:
a) Human readiness
b) Institutional readiness
c) Technological readiness
d) Legal readiness
Answer: c) Technological readiness
- Which E-Readiness component ensures trust and legal security in online governance?
a) Data infrastructure
b) Human preparedness
c) Legal preparedness
d) Technological preparedness
Answer: c) Legal preparedness
- The combination of data, legal, institutional, human, and technological preparedness defines:
a) Good governance
b) ICT maturity
c) E-Readiness
d) Digital divide
Answer: c) E-Readiness
Evolutionary Stages in E-Governance (13–20)
- The first stage of E-Governance evolution is:
a) Transaction
b) Information
c) Transformation
d) Integration
Answer: b) Information
- The Information stage is mainly about:
a) Interactive communication
b) Online payments
c) Providing static information such as rules and notices
d) Integrated services across departments
Answer: c) Providing static information such as rules and notices
- The Interaction stage enables:
a) Citizens to fill forms online, email government offices, and download applications
b) Citizens to pay taxes online
c) Full departmental integration
d) Broadcasting laws only
Answer: a) Citizens to fill forms online, email government offices, and download applications
- The Transaction stage allows:
a) Access to only static content
b) Two-way communication without transactions
c) Online services like bill payment, license renewal, and applications
d) Institutional reforms only
Answer: c) Online services like bill payment, license renewal, and applications
- At which stage do citizens perform secure online transactions with the government?
a) Information
b) Interaction
c) Transaction
d) Transformation
Answer: c) Transaction
- The Integration/Transformation stage is characterized by:
a) Multiple standalone websites
b) Fragmented online services
c) Seamless, citizen-centric services across departments
d) One-way broadcasting of rules
Answer: c) Seamless, citizen-centric services across departments
- The ultimate goal of E-Governance maturity is to reach the:
a) Transaction stage
b) Information stage
c) Transformation/Integration stage
d) Interaction stage
Answer: c) Transformation/Integration stage
- The progression of evolutionary stages in E-Governance is:
a) Information → Interaction → Transaction → Transformation/Integration
b) Information → Transaction → Interaction → Integration
c) Interaction → Information → Transaction → Transformation
d) Transaction → Transformation → Information → Integration
Answer: a) Information → Interaction → Transaction → Transformation/Integration
CHAPTER 4 : APPLICATIONS
- A National Data Warehouse can be defined as:
a) A storage place for physical government records
b) A centralized digital repository of integrated data from multiple sources
c) A backup server for disaster recovery only
d) A private database for commercial companies
Answer: b) A centralized digital repository of integrated data from multiple sources
- The main purpose of a data warehouse in governance is:
a) To restrict public access to government data
b) To provide integrated, reliable, and timely information for decision-making
c) To store only unstructured social media data
d) To reduce the number of government employees
Answer: b) To provide integrated, reliable, and timely information for decision-making
- Data Mining in governance refers to:
a) Physically collecting files from offices
b) Extracting meaningful patterns, knowledge, and trends from large datasets
c) Creating new data without sources
d) Destroying outdated data
Answer: b) Extracting meaningful patterns, knowledge, and trends from large datasets
- Which of the following is NOT a feature of a data warehouse?
a) Subject-oriented
b) Time-variant
c) Non-volatile
d) Temporary and frequently deleted
Answer: d) Temporary and frequently deleted
National Data Warehouses – Census & Commodities (5–10)
- Census data stored in a National Data Warehouse includes:
a) Population size, demographics, literacy, housing
b) Only prices of essential goods
c) Commercial trade information
d) Weather forecasting data
Answer: a) Population size, demographics, literacy, housing
- Census data warehousing is important for:
a) Creating memes and advertisements
b) Policy formulation, planning, and resource allocation
c) Tracking entertainment trends
d) Restricting public awareness
Answer: b) Policy formulation, planning, and resource allocation
- The Prices of Essential Commodities warehouse mainly helps in:
a) Monitoring inflation and market stability
b) Regulating international tourism
c) Maintaining law and order
d) Preserving cultural heritage
Answer: a) Monitoring inflation and market stability
- A data warehouse on essential commodities may store:
a) Only luxury item prices
b) Daily/weekly prices of food grains, oil, sugar, vegetables
c) Cinema ticket sales
d) Political campaign expenses
Answer: b) Daily/weekly prices of food grains, oil, sugar, vegetables
- The government uses commodity price warehouses to:
a) Forecast inflation and make subsidy decisions
b) Launch social media campaigns
c) Record criminal activities
d) Track student attendance
Answer: a) Forecast inflation and make subsidy decisions
- Which of the following is a direct benefit of census and commodity data warehouses?
a) Better economic and social planning
b) Entertainment sector growth
c) Reduction of digital divide
d) Faster online shopping
Answer: a) Better economic and social planning
Other Areas of Data Warehousing & Data Mining (11–20)
- In agriculture, data warehouses are mainly used for:
a) Tracking farmers’ entertainment choices
b) Weather forecasting, crop patterns, and yield prediction
c) Student literacy analysis
d) Tourism promotion
Answer: b) Weather forecasting, crop patterns, and yield prediction
- Rural development data warehouses can provide information on:
a) Urban housing only
b) Village infrastructure, poverty reduction, employment schemes
c) Space research data
d) Movie box office records
Answer: b) Village infrastructure, poverty reduction, employment schemes
- In the health sector, data warehouses help in:
a) Disease surveillance, vaccination tracking, health planning
b) Monitoring car sales
c) Tracking social media followers
d) Online shopping
Answer: a) Disease surveillance, vaccination tracking, health planning
- Planning and policy-making benefit from data warehouses by:
a) Enabling evidence-based decision-making
b) Reducing transparency
c) Limiting citizen participation
d) Promoting secrecy in governance
Answer: a) Enabling evidence-based decision-making
- Education data warehouses mainly focus on:
a) Student performance, literacy levels, enrollment, dropout rates
b) Agricultural subsidies
c) Movie ratings
d) Commodity inflation
Answer: a) Student performance, literacy levels, enrollment, dropout rates
- Commerce and trade data warehouses store information about:
a) Imports, exports, trade balances, and economic growth
b) Student exam results
c) Forest conservation only
d) Sports tournament scores
Answer: a) Imports, exports, trade balances, and economic growth
- Data mining in commerce and trade helps in:
a) Forecasting consumer demand and market trends
b) Tracking rainfall patterns
c) Monitoring school attendance
d) Designing cultural festivals
Answer: a) Forecasting consumer demand and market trends
- In which sector does data mining help identify disease outbreaks and spread patterns?
a) Commerce and trade
b) Health
c) Education
d) Agriculture
Answer: b) Health
- Which of the following is a cross-sectoral use of data warehouses?
a) Identifying poverty trends for social programs
b) Promoting celebrity advertisements
c) Storing confidential bank passwords
d) Organizing sports tournaments
Answer: a) Identifying poverty trends for social programs
- Overall, the use of data warehouses and mining in governance aims at:
a) Strengthening evidence-based decision-making and planning
b) Limiting access to data for citizens
c) Promoting secrecy in administration
d) Reducing ICT development
Answer: a) Strengthening evidence-based decision-making and planning
CHAPTER 5: CASE STUDY
- The E-Governance Master Plan of Nepal mainly focuses on:
a) Industrial privatization
b) ICT-driven government service delivery and modernization
c) Foreign direct investment policies
d) Political party management
Answer: b) ICT-driven government service delivery and modernization
- The Nagarik App in Nepal is designed to:
a) Provide entertainment services
b) Deliver government-to-citizen services via mobile devices
c) Manage private banking systems
d) Support election campaigns
Answer: b) Deliver government-to-citizen services via mobile devices
- The local government e-governance initiative in Nepal aims at:
a) Strengthening rural ICT access and local-level service delivery
b) Centralizing data only in Kathmandu
c) Supporting private corporations only
d) Reducing citizen involvement
Answer: a) Strengthening rural ICT access and local-level service delivery
- Which of the following services is available in the Nagarik App?
a) Payment of utility bills, citizenship and PAN verification
b) Only social media updates
c) Online gaming services
d) Agricultural forecasting
Answer: a) Payment of utility bills, citizenship and PAN verification
- The E-Governance Master Plan of Nepal was prepared with assistance from:
a) World Bank
b) Asian Development Bank (ADB)
c) Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)
d) UNDP
Answer: c) Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)
- Which year was the Nagarik App officially launched in Nepal?
a) 2015
b) 2018
c) 2020
d) 2021
Answer: d) 2021
- The primary goal of Nepal’s local government e-governance system is:
a) Encouraging international trade
b) Enhancing citizen participation and transparency in local bodies
c) Reducing rural literacy programs
d) Promoting foreign tourism
Answer: b) Enhancing citizen participation and transparency in local bodies
- The Nagarik App provides a single digital identity for:
a) Only politicians
b) Citizens to access multiple government services
c) International companies
d) Government employees only
Answer: b) Citizens to access multiple government services
- A major challenge of E-Governance in Nepal is:
a) Lack of political commitment and ICT infrastructure in rural areas
b) Excessive ICT experts in villages
c) Low internet costs nationwide
d) Overuse of private sector services
Answer: a) Lack of political commitment and ICT infrastructure in rural areas
- The E-Governance Master Plan of Nepal envisions:
a) Paperless governance and improved public service delivery
b) Elimination of ICT education
c) Private sector dominance
d) Decentralization of private banking
Answer: a) Paperless governance and improved public service delivery
- NICNET is:
a) A private telecom operator
b) A satellite-based nationwide computer communication network by NIC
c) A local area network in Delhi
d) A judicial e-service
Answer: b) A satellite-based nationwide computer communication network by NIC
- The Collectorate 2000 project aimed at:
a) Modernizing district collectorates with ICT for efficiency
b) Providing free internet to villages
c) Supporting only judiciary computerization
d) Privatizing trade corporations
Answer: a) Modernizing district collectorates with ICT for efficiency
- CARD (Computer-aided Administration of Registration Department) was launched in:
a) Maharashtra
b) Andhra Pradesh
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Kerala
Answer: b) Andhra Pradesh
- The main objective of CARD is:
a) To computerize land registration services
b) To privatize trade licenses
c) To train rural farmers
d) To computerize railway tickets
Answer: a) To computerize land registration services
- Smart Nagarpalika project focuses on:
a) Urban local body computerization for better municipal services
b) Only rural agricultural planning
c) Judiciary reforms
d) Banking sector computerization
Answer: a) Urban local body computerization for better municipal services
- The National Reservoir Level and Capacity Monitoring System is used for:
a) Tracking rainfall and water storage in reservoirs
b) Monitoring city traffic
c) Recording student literacy
d) Agricultural land reform
Answer: a) Tracking rainfall and water storage in reservoirs
- Ekal Seva Kendra in Andhra Pradesh provides:
a) Multiple government services from a single center
b) Tourism promotion
c) Judicial verdicts
d) Agricultural subsidy distribution only
Answer: a) Multiple government services from a single center
- Bhoomi Project in Karnataka is related to:
a) Computerization of land records
b) Judiciary reforms
c) E-commerce portals
d) Urban traffic management
Answer: a) Computerization of land records
- E-Khazana project in Andhra Pradesh is meant for:
a) Computerization of government treasury operations
b) Online shopping
c) School computer labs
d) Agricultural warehouses
Answer: a) Computerization of government treasury operations
- PRAJA – Rural e-Seva aims at:
a) Delivering citizen services in rural areas through ICT
b) Promoting Bollywood films
c) Only monitoring urban trade
d) Reducing health programs
Answer: a) Delivering citizen services in rural areas through ICT
- The USA’s E-Governance initiative focuses on:
a) Digital government portals providing citizen services online
b) Privatization of ICT infrastructure
c) Limiting citizen participation
d) Offline-only services
Answer: a) Digital government portals providing citizen services online
- The Beijing Business E-Park project in China is mainly about:
a) Promoting e-business and e-commerce hubs
b) Land record computerization
c) Rural development only
d) Tourism services
Answer: a) Promoting e-business and e-commerce hubs
- Brazil’s Poupatempo (Time Saver) Centres provide:
a) Multiple government services at one-stop service centers
b) Only entertainment services
c) Political campaign financing
d) Social media regulation
Answer: a) Multiple government services at one-stop service centers
- The main objective of Poupatempo centers is:
a) Reduce bureaucracy and save citizens’ time
b) Promote foreign trade
c) Replace judicial courts
d) Privatize citizen services
Answer: a) Reduce bureaucracy and save citizens’ time
- The Kothmale Community Radio Internet Project in Sri Lanka is known for:
a) Providing internet access to rural communities via community radio
b) Broadcasting entertainment only
c) Privatizing radio channels
d) Recording judicial verdicts
Answer: a) Providing internet access to rural communities via community radio
- The E-Governance initiative in USA is widely recognized under:
a) FirstGov (later USA.gov) portal
b) Bhoomi project
c) CARD project
d) NICNET
Answer: a) FirstGov (later USA.gov) portal
- The Beijing Business E-Park initiative was primarily launched to support:
a) E-business, IT startups, and digital economy growth
b) Agriculture only
c) Judiciary computerization
d) Rural Panchayats
Answer: a) E-business, IT startups, and digital economy growth
- Sri Lanka’s Kothmale project is considered unique because it:
a) Combines traditional media (radio) with modern ICT (internet)
b) Focuses only on urban internet centers
c) Promotes private banking
d) Computerizes judiciary records
Answer: a) Combines traditional media (radio) with modern ICT (internet)
- Brazil’s Poupatempo initiative is similar to India’s:
a) Ekal Seva Kendra
b) Collectorate 2000
c) CARD
d) Bhoomi
Answer: a) Ekal Seva Kendra
- A common goal of e-governance initiatives in USA, China, Brazil, and Sri Lanka is:
a) Citizen-centric service delivery using ICT
b) Reducing ICT literacy
c) Privatizing government data
d) Promoting secrecy in administration
Answer: a) Citizen-centric service delivery using ICT